The article discusses how unemployment is analyzed in Canada and the U.S. by looking at the difference between people who are currently unemployed and those who are newly unemployed. The researchers found that in Canada, job loss is the main reason for unemployment, while in the U.S., entering the workforce is a bigger factor. Unemployment spells are longer in Canada, not because of who is unemployed, but because everyone experiences longer spells. The difference in unemployment rates between the two countries is due to both longer spells and more people being unemployed.