The article examines if an economic theory, the Coase Theorem, works for public goods and global issues. It finds that when property rights are fully assigned, competition may not lead to efficient outcomes for things like public goods. In situations with worldwide impacts or things everyone can use (like clean air), letting markets decide can be problematic. It's because in these cases, private businesses may act like monopolies, causing challenges similar to people taking advantage of public goods without contributing. However, when the issues are more local, like pollution in a specific area, market systems could work better. This research shows how different types of economic activities and problems can affect how well traditional economic theories can solve them.