The study looked at how heavy metals affect soil quality in Vaccinium myrtillus L. rhizosphere soil compared to non-rhizosphere soil in polluted areas. They found that rhizosphere soil had higher levels of nutrients, enzymes, and microarthropods. Heavy metal content was higher in rhizosphere soil but less available. Enzyme activity was negatively impacted by metals and influenced by organic matter levels. Rhizosphere soil showed stronger correlations between parameters, suggesting it's more sensitive for monitoring forest ecosystems. β-glucosidase and urease were sensitive indicators of metal impact. The FEMI index was better at identifying soil quality differences than the QBS index.