The study looked at why some people in the Philippines support or oppose free trade. They used data from surveys to see how factors like gender, economic class, and living in cities affect people's views on trade. The research found that in the Philippines, being female, belonging to a lower economic class, or living in urban areas tends to make individuals less likely to support free trade. This means that these factors influence whether someone is for or against opening up trade with other countries. The study also discovered that the impact of these factors can be different in the Philippines compared to more developed Western nations.