The wage structure in Japan's public and private sectors was compared using data on employees. In the public sector, wage gaps by gender and education are smaller than in private companies. Public sector wages are higher for younger workers and in rural areas, but lower for older workers and in big cities. Public sector wages are more evenly distributed across different levels compared to private sector wages. It's important to look at these differences in wages by individual characteristics and region to make sure public services are provided efficiently.