Optimal exchange rates found to reduce consumption distortions and boost trade.
Exchange rate policy involves balancing stable real exchange rates for consistent consumption with flexible nominal exchange rates for trade adjustments. The optimal exchange rate volatility depends on price stickiness, substitution elasticity, and home bias in production. The study suggests that the exchange rate should respond less to shocks than expected based on trade considerations. Additionally, the relationship between price stickiness and optimal exchange rate volatility may not follow a straightforward pattern.