The fourth edition of Financial Markets and Institutions provides a detailed analysis of the European financial system, focusing on financial markets, institutions, and supervision. It discusses topics like the financial and euro crises, post-crisis reforms, FinTech, blockchain, cryptocurrencies, and shadow banking. The book also covers policies such as unconventional monetary policies, the Banking Union, the Capital Markets Union, Brexit, Basel III, and macroprudential policies. Additionally, it compares the European Union with countries like the United States, China, and Japan.