The article looks at how investment and how it's funded in Italy changed after the 2007 global financial crisis. Household spending on big purchases dropped a lot, especially on things like buildings. But spending on technology and intangible things stayed more stable. Companies and households had a harder time getting money from outside sources after the crisis hit. Businesses started relying more on long-term loans instead of short-term ones. And they also started using more debt securities to get money, especially after 2008.