The study aimed to find the best way to grow crops in Afghanistan that is good for the environment and makes money. They looked at different crops like wheat, barley, sesame, cumin, and saffron in Herat province. By using a special model, they found that growing more sesame, barley, and saffron while growing less wheat and cumin can make more money and be better for the environment. This means changing the way crops are grown can help the environment and make more profit for farmers in Afghanistan.