The study looked at how banks in Thailand performed after the 1997 financial crisis. Commercial banks got more efficient as they got bigger, while government-owned banks did not. Banks with fewer bad loans, more money, and more branches were more efficient. To improve efficiency, banks need better rules for managing risk and making sure they have enough money. In commercial banks, workers and money for loans can be switched around, but workers and machines, as well as machines and money for loans, work best together. For government banks, workers, machines, and money for loans can be swapped out.