The study looked at how differences in math skills between men and women affect their job opportunities and wages. They used a large dataset to compare skills and outcomes in different countries. They found that men tend to have better math skills than women, which explains a big part of why men are more likely to work and earn higher wages. In fact, math skills can explain almost half of the gender gap in job participation and wages for young workers, and even more for workers in their 30s. This suggests that improving math skills for women could help reduce gender gaps in the workforce.