The article explores how public-private partnerships (PPPs) are different from regular government contracts and how governments can enhance them. The researchers see PPPs as joint projects where details are not always known between the parties. Regular contracts deal with some unknowns but may not be profitable for private companies. By partnering, projects become more doable, making PPPs a way to provide public services. Analyzing cases from the UK and Russia, the study looked at contract types, contributions from both sides, and specific partnership aspects.