European integration drives convergence in social welfare spending, impacting all member states.
The European Union has been influencing social welfare systems in its member states through a new method called the open-method-of-coordination. By analyzing data from 2007, researchers found that social spending in EU countries has been converging and increasing since 1991, while non-EU countries have been diverging. Different types of welfare regimes seem to play a role in these changes, with the Scandinavian model showing signs of weakening.