Global trade volatility threatens least-developed countries' economic stability and growth.
Least-developed countries have struggled with trade deficits, especially during the global crisis of 2008-2009. To improve their situation, they need to diversify their products and participate in global value chains. This can be achieved by reducing transaction costs and improving trade facilitation programs. By doing so, LDCs can upgrade to higher value-added activities and strengthen their supply-side capabilities.