The article discusses how federal agents have broad authority to enforce immigration laws, especially at borders, due to the need to protect the country. This authority has expanded to include more immigration enforcement agents at federal and sub-federal levels. The authors argue that current laws are not enough to prevent racial profiling and unjust arrests in immigration policing. The research highlights the significant changes in immigration law and policy over the years, including criminalizing hiring unauthorized workers, increased border militarization, and the use of criminal prosecutions in managing migration.