The Natura 2000 network in Europe aims to protect biodiversity, including aquatic species. A study in Central Spain found that while many Natura 2000 sites focus on aquatic elements, they do not fully cover all threatened species or species of community importance. Surprisingly, threatened species are well represented in these sites. Overall, Natura 2000 plays a role in preserving aquatic biodiversity but could be improved by addressing spatial gaps to better protect species from climate change and human impacts.