The research focuses on finding new uses for lignin, a natural polymer abundant on Earth, by isolating different fractions through specific processes. The goal was to understand how the structure and properties of these lignin fractions affect their potential industrial applications. By using techniques like 2D-HSQC and 31P-NMR, scientists identified characteristics that make certain types of lignin suitable for catalytic degradation or chemical modifications to create valuable products like polymers. They suggest that lignin can be transformed into chemicals and materials through specialized methods, and advocate for a biorefinery approach to maximize the value extracted from lignin. The study highlights the importance of using NMR techniques to uncover lignin's properties for creating useful materials in the biorefinery process.