Plant residue mulch boosts maize yields in dry East Africa.
Covering soil with plant residue mulch in semi-arid Kenya helps retain water, reducing evaporation and increasing soil moisture. This study measured soil moisture in maize fields with and without mulch, showing that mulching increased days with optimal moisture levels by 24%–46%. Thicker mulch layers further improved moisture retention, with a 59% increase in optimal moisture days when mulch thickness increased from 1 to 3 cm. Mulch could maintain optimal moisture levels during a 19-day dry spell, but the amount of plant residue limits the effectiveness of mulching.