The article examines how government spending affects a country's economy during changes in oil prices. By studying 18 Arab countries, the researchers found that when oil prices drop, government spending has a bigger impact on boosting the economy compared to when oil prices rise. In fact, during low oil prices, government spending can more than double the economic growth in the long run. On the other hand, when oil prices go up, increased government spending can actually hinder private sector activities. This suggests that countries heavily reliant on oil exports should adjust their fiscal policies based on the oil price cycle to support economic growth effectively.