Oil price shocks have a big impact on economies worldwide. A study looked at 60 countries to see how these shocks affect them. They found that when oil prices go up, it can hurt countries that import oil but help countries that export it. However, in the long run, even oil exporters can suffer from high oil prices. The study used a special model to figure out the direct and indirect effects of oil price changes on economies. It showed that the indirect effects, like how changes in oil prices affect other countries, are just as important as the direct effects.