Hanoi is rapidly changing from rural to urban, but efforts to preserve heritage focus on certain areas, neglecting housing complexes and natural features. More parks and public spaces are needed to improve residents' quality of life. Transportation growth is fueled by motor vehicles, with slow progress on a mass transit system. The city's reliance on fossil fuels needs to be reduced. New housing estates have led to a speculative real estate market, neglecting vulnerable populations. As the city expands, regional integration becomes a challenge.