The scientists investigated how changes in land use affect runoff in Lesti watershed in Malang. By using computer modeling, they found that as the land cover changed over the years, more water runoff occurred. This runoff carried sediment into Lesti River. The average runoff increased from 2010 to 2017 due to higher Curve Number values, which represent how land cover affects runoff. Areas with high Curve Numbers had more runoff. However, implementing conservation measures in these high Curve Number areas can reduce the runoff, showing that managing land use can improve watershed performance.