The researchers used a Simulink model to study a photovoltaic array, focusing on a specific type of solar panel. They created a mathematical model in MATLAB/Simulink to analyze the current, voltage, and power output of the panel under different conditions. By simulating the panel's behavior based on solar irradiation and temperature, they were able to draw graphs showing how these factors affect its performance. The study provides insights into how a real photovoltaic panel, the AFP 60-225, responds to varying environmental conditions, helping to understand its efficiency and potential applications.