Structure liming was applied to clay soils to improve soil structure and stability. X-ray imaging showed changes in macropore networks and dispersible soil particles after lime application. Lime decreased macroporosity, shifted pore sizes towards smaller sizes, and increased surface area of macropore network. Lime also reduced dispersible soil particles. No changes were observed in mesopore networks or biopore networks. Lime may affect macropore networks by forming hydrate phases and carbonates in pore spaces.