The article discusses how luminescent metal–organic frameworks (LMOFs) can be used as sensors to detect environmental pollutants like pesticides, antibiotics, and heavy metal ions. These LMOFs have tunable structures that make them highly selective, sensitive, and recyclable for detecting pollutants. The researchers highlight the importance of detecting pollutants to prevent diseases like cancer and organ failure. The review summarizes the sensing mechanisms and construction principles of these sensors, providing a comprehensive guide for developing and using LMOFs to sense environmental pollutants.