The research delves into Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects, studying how companies might manipulate their financial data to join the program. The aim was to see if monitoring could stop these biases. The study found that companies tend to under-report profits to join CDM and this was linked to lower expected benefits in greenhouse gas reductions. However, monitoring steps taken after 2008 helped reduce this bias, especially in checking if the projects truly needed CDM to happen.