Urban expansion in Xi'an city threatens cropland stability and future land use.
Land use change in Xi’an city was studied using a model to predict future land use patterns. Urban expansion and cropland loss were found to be major factors driving changes in land use. The center of urban development shifted direction over time. Despite a decrease in urban expansion rate, it remained the main driver of land use change. Different areas of the city saw varying patterns of development. Cropland was crucial in shaping land use dynamics, and the overall stability of the land use system decreased in the future.