The article examines how tax preferences impact the fairness of Canada's federal income tax system for high earners. By analyzing 60 tax breaks, the study shows that most benefits go to the wealthiest 1%, 0.1%, and 0.01% of income earners. These tax breaks are considered fair if they benefit the rich less than their share of total income. Most tax breaks are fair, except for those related to capital income and stock options. This aligns with similar findings in the United States.