The article evaluates different ways to optimize investment portfolios by focusing on managing risks and maximizing returns. By comparing two methods, one using optimal expected utility risk measures and the other using value at risk, the researchers found that both strategies outperformed simple investment approaches like equally weighted portfolios. The study showed that investors with different risk attitudes may experience varying results during financial crises and bull markets, with less risk-averse investors potentially losing more during crises but performing better in strong market conditions.