The study looked at how uncertainty and difficulty in getting loans affect the economy. They used a model to analyze different types of uncertainty related to money, finance, and the overall economy. The researchers found that small uncertainties in finance have a big impact on the economy, while big uncertainties in the economy have less effect. When it's hard to get loans, the economy suffers more from financial uncertainties and reacts strongly to changes in monetary policy. Uncertainties in monetary policy make up a big part of why the economy goes through ups and downs.