The Kharaa River in Mongolia is facing increased sediment pollution due to erosion caused by human activities. By using various techniques like monitoring and sediment tracing, researchers found that riverbank erosion from livestock grazing is the main source of sediment. Protecting the riverbanks and preventing deforestation are crucial to reduce sediment input. Mining activities also contribute to heavy metal pollution in the river. Overall, actions to protect the river's headwaters and stabilize its banks are essential to preserve the aquatic ecosystem.