The study looked at the financial health of 10 countries in Eastern and Central Europe from 1997 to 2019. They used advanced math techniques to see if government money coming in matched what was going out. The results showed that the countries' spending and income didn't match up in the long run, which could cause problems with debt in the future. They found that while the countries' long-term spending and income were related, the spending was higher than the income. This means the governments need to make changes to avoid financial trouble down the road.