The Antarctic ozone hole in 2018 was large and persistent due to a stable and cold stratospheric vortex. In contrast, the 2019 ozone hole was small and similar to those in the 1980s because of strong stratospheric warming. Planetary waves play a crucial role in influencing temperatures and ozone loss in the polar vortex. The Montreal Protocol has helped reduce ozone-depleting substances, but recent emissions may impact the southern hemisphere climate system.