The article explores the Black-Scholes model, a tool used in finance to value options. It delves into stochastic calculus and how it applies to financial markets. The researchers discuss the properties of financial options and the fundamentals of option valuation. They also touch on the binomial option pricing model and how stochastic processes, like Brownian motion, are used in finance. The study empirically tests the Black-Scholes model and its relationship to the heat equation.