The article looks at how to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in Irish agriculture using either rules or a trading system. Researchers compared how each method affects farm incomes when aiming to cut emissions by 20 percent. They created a model to figure out how much farmers need to pay for emission permits in a trading system. The results show that using a trading system can be cheaper for reducing emissions and still lets farms earn money. The study suggests that trading permits could be a good way to lessen emissions from Irish farms.