The researchers analyzed data from different gauging stations along the Yangtze River to study how the amount of water flow and sediment carried by the river has changed over time. They found that the upper reaches of the river contribute the most sediment, but the Three Gorges Dam has reduced the difference in water flow between flood and drought seasons. Since the 1980s, there has been a decrease in sediment load, especially during flood seasons. The size of sediment particles affects how they are carried by the river, with larger particles being more closely related to water flow. Overall, this study helps us understand how human activities have influenced the relationship between water flow and sediment in the Yangtze River.