A study looked at how different types of land use affect the loss of phosphorus in a small watershed during rainfall. They found that intercropping can reduce surface runoff and phosphorus loss compared to maize. Phosphorus concentration in runoff was higher under light rainfall, with intercropping reducing it. Subsurface flow had lower phosphorus concentrations. Overall, phosphorus loss was higher in surface runoff than subsurface flow, and decreased with lower rainfall intensity. Maize plots generally had higher total phosphorus loss compared to bare plots.