Soil nutrients in farmland in the Yellow River Irrigated Area were studied to help control pollution and improve farming. Samples were taken at different scales to see how nutrients varied. Total nitrogen and phosphorus showed different patterns at different scales, while pH was more consistent. The nutrients were influenced by both planned and random factors, with some areas having higher variability. The researchers used geostatistical methods to map the nutrient distribution accurately. The study found that soil nutrients in the area have different patterns depending on the scale of observation, and there are specific areas with higher variability.