Central banks can influence the economy by adjusting interest rates, even in a cashless system. In a money-based economy, the amount of money available can also be used as a tool for controlling the economy independently of interest rates. The study looked at different ways money markets are set up and found that in some systems, central banks need to provide money when demanded to maintain their target interest rate. To stabilize the economy, central banks may need to raise short-term interest rates and allow a temporary shortage of money, like the Bundesbank has done in the past.