The study aimed to understand how the environment and location affect where different bird species live. Researchers used maps and data to analyze 103 bird species in southern Belgium. They found that factors like urbanization and forest areas play a big role in determining bird populations. The study showed that local environmental conditions have the biggest impact on bird communities, while spatial factors had less influence. However, there is still a lot of variation in bird populations that is not fully explained, possibly due to missing data or other environmental factors not considered. The method used in the study helps to understand how different factors affect bird populations, but more work is needed to fully capture all the influences on bird communities.