This paper looks at how different trade policies affect competition between companies in international markets. The researchers used a model to compare the effects of R&D subsidies and export subsidies on firm profits and social welfare. They found that under certain conditions, firms and governments prefer different trade policies based on whether the goods are substitutes or complements. For example, when goods are substitutes, a leader firm and government prefer free trade, but when goods are complements, they prefer a subsidy regime. Additionally, a follower firm and government strongly prefer a subsidy regime over free trade.