The study aimed to understand how different factors affect wheat yield in Punjab. They looked at economic, location, and climate variables from 1979-2009 in Faisalabad and Bahawalpur. They found that temperature at maturity had the biggest impact on yield, with a 1.4 mounds per hectare increase for every 1 degree Celsius rise. They also discovered that input use was below optimal levels and increasing land area decreased yield. The solution for Pakistan's food security needs was seen as vertical expansion.