The study analyzed how different tree species in Fengyang Mountain's forest ecosystem photosynthesize and transpire. They used the grey correlation method to compare factors influencing photosynthesis and transpiration rates. Results showed that Ilex wenchowensis had a double peak in photosynthesis, Rhododendron fortunei used weak light well, and Schima superba had strong carbon assimilation ability. Stomatal conductance and leaf vapor pressure affected transpiration, while water use efficiency and stomatal conductance influenced photosynthesis. Rhododendron fortunei adapted well to its habitat, while S. sinensis struggled due to light, stomatal, and moisture limitations.