Winter green manure cultivation in paddy fields can increase rice yield and improve soil fertility. By planting green plants like milk-vetch, ryegrass, and rapeseed in the winter and plowing them into the fields before planting rice, researchers found that rice yield was higher in fields with winter green manure compared to fallow fields. Milk-vetch increased rice yield the most, followed by rapeseed and ryegrass. Soil nutrients like pH, nitrogen, organic matter, phosphorus, and potassium also improved with green manure. This study shows that using winter green manure can help farmers increase productivity, improve soil quality, and boost income.