Phytoremediation is a new way to clean up soil contaminated with heavy metals using plants. Plants can absorb and break down harmful substances in their tissues. There are three types of phytoremediation: phytostabilization, phytovolatilization, and phytoextraction. The main focus is on how plants can bind to heavy metals and regulate genes to detoxify them. Phytoremediation is a cost-effective and promising method to clean up soil pollution, with great potential for widespread use.