Planting wheat in specific patterns with rainwater harvesting and adjusting row spacing can significantly increase yield and water use efficiency. Planting patterns with 1:1.5 and 1:1 ratios of rain collection area to field area showed higher yields compared to traditional open field cultivation. Row spacings of 11.3 cm and 15 cm in these patterns led to the most significant yield increases. Plants in these patterns also had taller height, more tillers, and more green leaves compared to open field cultivation. Water use efficiency was highest in the 1:1.5 planting pattern, followed by the 1:1 pattern and then open field cultivation. Soil water dynamics were closely monitored throughout the growth stages for each planting pattern.