The article discusses how liberal political philosophy values freedom, equality, and the state's responsibility to justify its authority. It explores how religion and politics can coexist within liberalism, using the example of Muslim thinker Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na’im. The author argues that the relationship between religious and political beliefs is complex and influenced by various factors beyond just doctrine. An-Na’im's ideas on liberty of conscience and religious freedom align with liberal principles, showing a non-reductionist understanding of religion and politics.