Trading activity creates market friction, affecting investors differently throughout the day.
Trading activity in the market can either increase or decrease friction, with individual and institutional investors behaving differently. At market open, individual trading reduces friction, while institutional trading increases it. This pattern reverses later in the day. Intraday trading intensifies market noise and friction, affecting both small and large cap stocks differently. The findings suggest that a new financial transactions tax proposed by the European Union could be justified based on these insights.