The erosion environment in the sediment-rich area on the Loess Plateau is mainly driven by precipitation, natural conditions, and human activities. The variability of precipitation determines soil and water loss, while natural factors like drainage systems and vegetation severity affect erosion. Human activities can accelerate soil and water loss. Insufficient conservation measures contribute to the problem. The area's erosion environment leads to flooding disasters in the Yellow River due to excess sediment. Focus should be on improving soil and water conservation. Prediction models can help plan conservation efforts. Further research is needed on predicting soil loss under different rainfall conditions and conservation measures.