The researchers studied the effects of using pig and cow manure composts at different stages of maturity on Chinese cabbage and muskmelon seedlings. They found that cow manure reached higher temperatures and stayed hot longer during composting than pig manure. Both composts met safety standards after 35 days. Seedling emergence and root activity were significantly affected by compost maturity, with some composts inhibiting plant growth. The levels of certain nutrients in the compost were strongly linked to plant traits. The study suggests the need for clear standards for compost maturity to balance nutrient loss during composting with the agricultural benefits of using compost in the field.